Henry Samuel Priest (February 7, 1853 – July 9, 1930) was a United States federal judge for Missouri.
Born in Ralls County, Missouri, Priest received an A.B. from Westminster College in 1872. He read law in 1873 and entered private practice in Moberly, Missouri. There he served as city attorney, and was an attorney for the Missouri Pacific Railroad and Wabash Railroad from 1881 to 1894.
On August 6, 1894, President Grover Cleveland nominated Priest to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, to a seat vacated by Amos M. Thayer. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 9, and received his commission the same day. Priest served for less than a year, and then resigned on May 23, 1895. He was a candidate for the U.S. Senate from Missouri in 1920, but did not win election. He ran an unsuccessful campaign for Governor of Missouri in 1924. He died in St. Louis in 1930.